What term refers to the formal remission of a sin?

The term that refers to the formal remission of a sin is "Absolution." This concept is central to many religious practices, particularly in Christianity, where it signifies the act of forgiving someone for their sins and restoring their relationship with God. Absolution typically involves a priest or minister who certifies that a person’s sins have been forgiven after a confession or act of repentance.

The other terms do not carry this specific meaning. "Abatement" generally involves a reduction or lessening of something, often related to issues like nuisance or legal disputes. "Amelioration" refers to the process of making something better or improving a situation, while "Alleviation" means to lessen or relieve, particularly in the context of pain or distress. None of these terms encapsulates the formal act of forgiving sins as "Absolution" does.